{"id":401,"date":"2013-04-06T23:55:55","date_gmt":"2013-04-06T23:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8888\/?page_id=401"},"modified":"2025-05-06T09:10:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T16:10:11","slug":"fast-food","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/es\/access-health\/fast-food\/","title":{"rendered":"Las comidas r\u00e1pidas"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"401\" class=\"elementor elementor-401\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40c2279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40c2279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18a9179f\" data-id=\"18a9179f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9837c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ec9837c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-1024x405.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-1024x405.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-768x304.jpg 768w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD.jpg 1200w\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10282 lazyload\" alt=\"\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><noscript><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-1024x405.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10282\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-1024x405.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD-768x304.jpg 768w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/1200X475-FAST-FOOD.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/noscript>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Leah Choi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1b0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e1b0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fast Food<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75a5de30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75a5de30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFast food in the U.S. has grown from a $6-billion-a-year industry in 1970<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u00a0into a corporate juggernaut with a reported $200 billion in annual revenues in 2015.<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u00a0Especially because \u201cmeat,\u201d dairy, and eggs are the main ingredients in fast food, the exponential increase in its consumption has engendered a wide range of negative social impacts\u2014including rapidly rising rates of diet-related disease, worker exploitation, systemic animal abuse, and environmental degradation.\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fast-food-web-300x180.png\" class=\"wp-image-10606 size-medium alignright lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><noscript><img data-src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fast-food-web-300x180.png\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10606 size-medium alignright lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10606 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fast-food-web-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\"><\/noscript><\/noscript>\n\nThe fast-food industry\u2019s economic clout has not only enabled it to effect a radical shift in the country\u2019s eating patterns (as well as those around the globe), but it has also fundamentally altered the very way that food is produced. The industry\u2019s enormous purchasing power and demand for vast amounts of cheap animal products are among the principal driving forces behind factory farming, as well as the massive government subsidies for staple animal feed crops like corn and soy that sustain it.<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u00a0As a result of the industry\u2019s excessive economic influence, gigantic multinational corporations like McDonald\u2019s, Burger King, and KFC make huge profits selling fast food at artificially reduced prices.\n\nMeanwhile, obscured behind the veneer of fast-food companies\u2019 slick multi-billion-dollar marketing campaigns are the true costs to public health, fast-food workers, animal welfare, and the environment.\n<h2><strong>Fast Food and Dietary Diseases\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nIt\u2019s not difficult to find peer-reviewed scientific studies that conclusively correlate the consumption of \u201cmeat\u201d and other animal products with many of the deadliest medical disorders plaguing humankind today, including\u00a0<u>cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes<\/u>. A <em>Washington Post<\/em> article noted that a review of studies on fast food and heart health linked eating fast food more than twice a week to \u201ca higher risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and death from coronary disease,\u201d while adding that, \u201c\u2026nearly half of American * adults eat fast food at least once a week.\u201d<sup>[4]<\/sup>\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_10598\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10598\" style=\"width: 224px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968-224x300.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-10598 size-medium lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"fast food\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" \/><noscript><img data-src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968-224x300.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968.jpg 765w\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10598 size-medium lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"fast food\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10598 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"fast food\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/foodispower.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/nexus_icon-282678968.jpg 765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10598\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Christian Cable (CC BY 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\nUnfortunately, it also appears that children in the U.S. are eating more fast food. A 2016 survey by researchers at the University of Connecticut reported that there was a 12 percent increase in parents buying their children fast-food meals compared with a past survey done in 2010, and even though fast-food chains have been offering healthier options, most kids are still eating the unhealthy sides and drinks.<sup>[5] <\/sup> Jennifer Harris, an associate professor in allied health sciences at the University of Connecticut, noted that \u201c\u2026 fast food advertising has gone up during that time by pretty large amounts.\u201d<sup>[6] <\/sup>A 2015 study in the <em>Journal of Pediatrics<\/em> found that \u201c\u2026 fast-food commercials featuring toy giveaways led children to ask their parents to take them to the restaurants. And the more the children saw the fast-food commercials, the more frequently they ate fast food.\u201d<sup>[7]<\/sup> Even more concerning is the issue of digital advertising, such as social media. A World Health Organization\u2019s comprehensive report found that \u201cDigital marketing of unhealthy foods to children poses a unique risk. Marketers can tailor ads to those most likely to buy the products, taking advantage of children\u2019s vulnerability online \u2026\u201d<sup>[8]<\/sup>\n\nIn 2012, fast-food companies collectively spent $4.6 billion on advertising,<sup>[9]<\/sup> and with that kind of money, these companies can easily target the most vulnerable. A study by researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago and Arizona State University found that fast-food chains are marketing to low-income black children who have an increased likelihood of being unhealthy.<sup>[10]<\/sup> A January 2019 report by the UConn Rudd Center supports these findings, noting that \u201cFood-related companies almost exclusively target advertising for nutritionally poor products to Hispanic and Black consumers, and Hispanic and Black children and teens view large numbers of these ads. The most highly targeted categories \u2013 fast-food, candy, sugary drinks, and snacks \u2013 consist of products that are high in sugar, fat, sodium, and calories; represent the majority of empty calories in young peoples\u2019 diets; and directly contribute to diet-related diseases &#8230; These same diseases disproportionately affect communities of color.\u201d<sup>[11]<\/sup> This is unfortunately not a new revelation, as a 2007 article in the <em>California Law Review<\/em> noted that \u201cThe overabundance of fast food and lack of access to healthier foods \u2026 have increased African American and Latino communities&#8217; vulnerability to food-related death and disease. Structural perpetuation of this race- and class-based health crisis constitutes \u2018food oppression.\u2019\u201d<sup>[12]<\/sup>\n<h2><strong>Fast Food in Black and Brown Communities and Low-Income Areas<\/strong><\/h2>\nA pattern of fast food concentration is generally found throughout black and brown communities and low-income areas where fewer supermarkets are located. According to a Policy Link report, a nationwide study found that low-income ZIP codes have 25 percent fewer chain supermarkets than middle-income ZIP codes, and compared to predominantly white ZIP codes, majority African American ZIP codes contain about half the number of supermarkets, while mostly Latino ZIP codes have about a third as many. <sup>[13] <\/sup>A more recent report by Policy Link from 2013 confirms that \u201cMany of the communities that lack healthy food retailers are also oversaturated with fast-food restaurants, liquor stores, and other sources of inexpensive, processed food with little to no nutritional value.\u201d <sup>[14]<\/sup>\n\nThis information coincides with the results seen in Food Empowerment Project\u2019s report, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/foodispower\/docs\/fepreport_-_english\"><u>Shining a Light on the Valley of Heart\u2019s Delight<\/u><\/a>.\u201d The high density of fast-food outlets, as well as liquor and convenience stores in neighborhoods selling cheap, high-calorie foods, often crowds out supermarkets, grocery stores, and farmer\u2019s markets that offer healthy (but often more expensive) dietary options.<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u00a0Similar results can also been seen in Food Empowerment Project\u2019s report \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/foodispower\/docs\/fep-focus-group-report-english\"><u>Vallejo: City of Opportunity Lacks Access to Healthy Food<\/u><u>,<\/u><\/a>\u201d where \u201cEighty-eight percent of all liquor stores and 71 percent of all convenience stores in the city of Vallejo are in low-income neighborhoods.\u201d\n\nBlacks, Latinx, and other people of color most likely to live in areas which lack access to healthy foods suffer disproportionately from higher rates of diet-related disorders than whites\u2014and fast food is one of the main causes of this deadly disparity. Residents of these areas typically have a plethora of fast-food restaurants to choose from within walking distance of their homes, but the nearest supermarket or grocery store may be miles away. Also, many low-income individuals do not have access to private transportation and must work two jobs just to make ends meet. Feeding their families fast food is therefore usually quicker, easier, and less expensive than shopping for and preparing home-cooked meals; however, reliance on fast food as a dietary staple (especially over long periods of time) causes poor health from inadequate nutrition.<sup>[16]<\/sup>\n<h2><strong>Fast Food and Globalization<\/strong><\/h2>\nStarted in 1948 by two brothers, McDonald\u2019s is arguably the most well-known fast-food retailer and a prime example of the spread of Western-style fast-food chains to global markets. In 2018, it was the second largest fast-food retailer behind Subway with the top global market value of $126 billion<sup> [17]<\/sup> and can be found in 120 countries with more than 37,000 outlets worldwide.<sup>[18]<\/sup>\n\nBetween 2011 and 2016, fast-food sales grew by 21.5 percent in the U.S., while worldwide sales surged by 30 percent.<sup>[19]<\/sup> For many emerging markets, Western-style fast food isn\u2019t just about food; it\u2019s about social status. <sup>[20]<\/sup> \u201cPeople march their sons and daughters to buy KFC and buy pizza and they like to show them what we can afford,\u201d University of Ghana lecturer Matilda Laar told <em>The New York Times <\/em>in 2017.<sup> [21]<\/sup>\n\nUnfortunately, the rise in fast-food consumption across the globe parallels the rise of diabetes and diet-related disorders, as well.<sup>[22]<\/sup> According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of diabetes had risen from 108 million people in 1980 to 422 million people in 2014<sup>[23]<\/sup> and is projected to increase to 552 million by 2030.<sup>[24]<\/sup>\n<h2><strong>Fast Food Impacts on Workers, Animals, and the Environment\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nIn addition to harming human health, the fast-food industry also has detrimental impacts on:\n<ul>\n \t<li><em>Workers<\/em>: At any given time, there are at least 3.5 million fast-food workers in the U.S.<sup>[25]<\/sup> They typically work for minimum wage without medical benefits or the right to unionize, and women endure regular sexual harassment and assault, so turnover is high.<sup>[26][27]<\/sup><\/li>\n \t<li><em>Animals<\/em>: Since fast-food companies purchase such a large proportion of the \u201cmeat,\u201d dairy, and eggs produced by farmers, they are able to exert enormous influence over how animals are raised for food.<sup>[28] <\/sup>As a result, factory farms supply the fast-food industry\u2019s demand for vast volumes of animal products at the lowest possible cost by crowding animals together to conserve space (often confining them in cages or crates), pumping them full of non-therapeutic antibiotics and artificial growth hormones, amputating body parts to avoid unnatural stress-induced injuries, and slaughtering them at breakneck speeds on mechanized disassembly lines (often while they remain fully conscious). Cows, chickens, and pigs raised to make fast food endure lifelong pain and suffering on factory farms, where they are treated like interchangeable production units. (For more on how each animal species is exploited for food, please see our Veganism page.)<\/li>\n \t<li><em>The Environment<\/em>: According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the livestock sector represents \u201c14.5 percent of all human-induced emissions\u201d and \u201cplays an important role in climate change\u201d with \u201cbeef\u201d and cow milk production accounting for the majority of emissions.<sup>[29] <\/sup>Then there\u2019s fast-food packaging, which comprises almost half of the litter found on U.S. streets.<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u00a0And, to prevent grease leakage, many fast-food companies coat their paper packaging with perfluoroalkyls, which are toxic compounds that harm the environment<sup> [31]<\/sup>\u00a0and human health.<sup>[32]<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Food for Thought\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nIt is clear fast-food corporations don\u2019t care about anyone\u2014not the workers, not the animals, not the environment, and of course not people\u2019s health. It\u2019s all about making a profit. We would like to tell people not to buy from these fast food giants, but we know that might not always be possible. When there is no choice, it is still possible to make a difference by purchasing a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/foodispower.org\/veganism\/\">vegan\u00a0<\/a>option.\n<div>\n<br\/>\n*This article only refers to the United States, as \u201cAmerica\u201d would include all of the Americas.\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<br\/>\n<div id=\"references\">&nbsp;<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de227f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"de227f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5336047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5336047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n    window.footnoteTexts = {\n  1: 'Schlosser, Eric. <em>Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin: 2001. p. 3. <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  2: 'Sena, M. \u201cFast Food Industry Analysis 2018 \u2013 Cost & Trends.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franchisehelp.com\/industry-reports\/fast-food-industry-analysis-2018-cost-trends\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  3: 'Hyman, Mark. \u201cWhy Quick, Cheap Food Is Actually More Expensive.\u201d <em>Huffington Post<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dr-mark-hyman\/why-quick-cheap-food-is-a_b_681539.html?view=print\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  4: 'Brissette, Christy. \u201cThis is your body on fast food.\u201d <em>The Oakland Press<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theoaklandpress.com\/lifestyles\/health\/this-is-your-body-on-fast-food\/article_32ef33ce-f609-5768-aad6-2176c069fb61.html\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  5: 'Welch, Ashley. \u201cU.S. kids eating more fast food, healthier offerings not helping.\u201d <em>CBS News<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/kids-eating-more-fast-food-healthier-offerings-not-helping\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  6: 'Howard, Jacqueline. \u201cHere\u2019s how much fast food Americans are eating.\u201d <em>CNN Health<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/03\/health\/fast-food-consumption-cdc-study\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  7: 'Dickey, Jack. \u201cKid\u2019s TV Ads for Fast Food Work Just as They\u2019re Supposed To.\u201d <em>Time<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/4095517\/fast-food-advertising-kids\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  8: 'Parks, Troy. \u201cWHO warns on kids\u2019 digital exposure to junk-food ads.\u201d <em>American Medical Association<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/delivering-care\/population-care\/who-warns-kids-digital-exposure-junk-food-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  9: 'Harris J, et al. \u201cFast Food F.A.C.T.S 2013.\u201d <em>Rudd Report<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/fastfoodmarketing.org\/media\/FastFoodFACTS_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/29\/18)',\n  10: 'Rothkopf, Joanna. \u201cFast food chains aggressively market to poor black kids.\u201d <em>Salon<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2014\/11\/13\/fast_food_chains_aggressively_market_to_poor_black_kids\/\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/30\/18)',\n  11: 'Harris J, et al. \u201cIncreasing disparities in unhealthy food advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black youth.\u201d <em>Rudd Report<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210111131248\/http:\/\/uconnruddcenter.org\/files\/Pdfs\/TargetedMarketingReport2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (2\/10\/19)',\n  12: 'Freeman, Andrea. \u201cFast Food: Oppression through Poor Nutrition.\u201d <em>California Law Review<\/em>, Vol. 95. Iss. 6. <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.berkeley.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=californialawreview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  13: 'Policy Link. \u201cEquitable Development Toolkit: Access to Healthy Food.\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.policylink.org\/sites\/default\/files\/access-to-healthy-food_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  14: 'Policy Link. \u201cAccess to Healthy Food and Why It Matters.\u201d <a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/administrator\/Downloads\/GROCERYGAP_FINAL_NOV2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/26\/18)',\n  15: 'Severson, Kim. \u201cLos Angeles Stages a Fast Food Intervention.\u201d <em>Los Angeles Times<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/08\/13\/dining\/13calo.html?scp=16&sq=food%20deserts&st=cse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  16: 'Block, Jason P., et al. \u201cFast Food, Race\/Ethnicity, and Income: A Geographic Analysis.\u201d <em>American Journal of Preventive Medicine<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eatbettermovemore.org\/\u2026Fast_Food_RaceEthnicityand_Income.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  17: 'Statista. \u201cMost valuable fast food brands worldwide in 2018.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/273057\/value-of-the-most-valuable-fast-food-brands-worldwide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  18: 'SEC Form 10-K: McDonald\u2019s Corporation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.last10k.com\/sec-filings\/mcd#fullReport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  19: 'Searcey, D., & Richtel, M. \u201cObesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food.\u201d <em>The New York Times<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/02\/health\/ghana-kfc-obesity.html\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  20: 'Searcey, D., & Richtel, M. \u201cObesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food.\u201d <em>The New York Times<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/02\/health\/ghana-kfc-obesity.html\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  21: 'Searcey, D., & Richtel, M. \u201cObesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food.\u201d <em>The New York Times<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/02\/health\/ghana-kfc-obesity.html\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  22: 'Pan, A., Malik, V., Hu, F. B. \u201cExporting Diabetes to Asia.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3401093\/\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  23: 'World Health Organization. \u201cDiabetes.\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs312\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  24: 'Pan, A., Malik, V., Hu, F. B. \u201cExporting Diabetes to Asia.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3401093\/\" class=\"blc-broken-link\" data-blc-broken=\"1\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  25: 'Statista. \u201cNumber of employees in the U.S. fast food industry 2004\u20132018.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/196630\/number-of-employees-in-us-fast-food-restaurants-since-2002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (3\/22\/18)',\n  26: 'Judkis, M. & Heil, E. \u201cWhy is the restaurant industry so terrible for women?\u201d <em>The Washington Post<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/food\/rape-in-the-storage-room-groping-at-the-bar-why-is-the-restaurant-industry-so-terrible-for-women\/2017\/11\/17\/54a1d0f2-c993-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (3\/29\/18)',\n  27: '\u201cThe Download.\u201d <em>MIT Technology Review<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/the-download\/610518\/mcdonalds-tech-pushes-are-putting-more-on-its-employees-plates-and-its-pushing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  28: 'Mason, Caleb. \u201cThe Fast Food Jungle.\u201d <em>In These Times<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inthesetimes.com\/issue\/25\/11\/mason2511.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (2\/21\/19)',\n  29: 'FAO. \u201cTackling Climate Change Through Livestock.\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/018\/i3437e\/i3437e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/23\/18)',\n  30: 'Schwartz, A. \u201cHow Fast Food Chains Could Prevent Water Pollution.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/1762364\/how-fast-food-chains-could-prevent-water-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (2\/5\/18)',\n  31: 'ATSDR. \u201cToxicological Health Profile for Perfluoroalkyls.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp.asp?id=1117&tid=237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (12\/15\/18)',\n  32: 'Hawthorne, Michael. \u201cPotentially dangerous chemicals found in fast-food wrappers.\u201d <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/lifestyles\/health\/ct-fast-food-chemicals-in-packaging-20170201-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a> (2\/26\/17)'\n};\n\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo Credit: Leah Choi Las comidas r\u00e1pidas La industria de las comidas r\u00e1pidas en los Estados Unidos ha pasado de generar seis mil millones de d\u00f3lares anuales en ganancias en 1970[1] a embolsarse la colosal suma de doscientos mil millones anuales en 2015. [2] El aumento exponencial en el consumo de este tipo de comidas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10282,"parent":6183,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-401","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - 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